Mythology: In the beginning there was only formless chaos: light and dark. Then chaos settled into form, and that form was Gaia. Gaia, the Earth was the firstborn from Chaos, the great void of emptiness within the universe. She gave birth to Uranus (the Sky), Pontus (the Sea) and Ourea (Mountains).

Gaia was honored on the Isle of Crete 5,000 years ago by the Minoan civilization. This civilization valued education, art, science, recreation, and the environment. They believed that the Earth is directly connected to its existence and daily life. The current theories of the Gaia concept stem from this ancient view that the Earth is a living entity.

In Greek mythology we can track the cycle that archeology has now confirmed : the movement from the matriarchal to the patriarchal,  from Mother Earth goddess Gaia, who embodies fertility and protects life, to a dominant male sky god who embodies vast power over the earth. As aggressive Achaeans invaded what would become Greece, their male-dominated religions fused with the existing female religions. The Hellenic invasion of Crete destroyed the peace-loving, goddess and Earth worshiping culture of the Minoan-Mycenaean. Gaia was supplemented and replaced by male sky gods in a patriarchal rise, when the immortal kingdom of Zeus was established on Mt. Olympus about 1400 BC. (The earliest buildings, even during the Mycenaean period on Crete, were still dedicated to Gaia).

The suppression of Gaia in Crete was part of the cycle moving away from a female culture to a male dominated society that started in fourth millennium B.C. This trend was further strengthened by the continued suppression of the sacred feminine during last two thousand years. The cycle is now reversing.